Posts Tagged ‘Health’

PHYSICAL ACTIVITY DURING PREGNANCY

PHYSICAL ACTIVITY DURING PREGNANCY

Today is very common during pregnancy gymnastics. Physical activity is the best way to get to the birth of healthy, controlled by doctors and recommended by sports professionals.

The changes that occur in the body are many, when a woman is expecting a child. Therefore it is necessary that the body will adapt little by little all these new sensations. The specific and controlled physical activity is best for mom enjoyment with the least amount of hassle or pain, nine months pregnant and also get in top physical condition at birth, which is no less important.

Gymnastics for pregnant women is not something that has always existed. Times have changed, and this need is intensified, in particular, little more than two decades. The doctors began to realize that the woman who had performed physical activity during pregnancy was more prepared at the time of delivery, more actively involved, their physical condition was much more appropriate and thanks to which, there was a visible decline in visits for pain and discomfort before and after childbirth.

Currently, the specific physical activity for pregnant women has been extended and are the doctors themselves who advise expectant mothers about their benefits. Importantly, physical activity enables the body to release chemicals that help the mother to relax, adding to the rapid blood circulation caused by gymnastics allows better oxygenation of the body of the pregnant woman and her baby.

Throughout the entire pregnancy exercises are located, to work all those areas of the body that alter and reduce the most common conditions: back pain, discomfort under the ribs, sloping shoulders forward. Also, moms learn and work all the exercises to be implemented at the time of delivery.

Finally comes the expected time. Here the mother is in the instance of post-partum and now, as then, it is important for physical activity. Through it, the body of the mother can return quickly to normal to continue agile, active and beautiful, now with his baby.

The time of pregnancy for women is a stage of life where the desires of self-care and baby occupy much of your expectations. Perhaps no other moment in the life of women in which it is most needed regular exercise practice, bearing in mind that giving birth means a great physical activity and, as in any other of them can not be expected happy ending but it does have some prior learning or development.

observations of children

The first observations of children attending diabetes camps support this idea (Gabriele & Marble, 1949). Sterky (1970) reported that juvenile diabetes experienced less glucosuria in this environment of high activity, and Kinsell (1955) described a 40% reduction in insulin doses in children with diabetes who went to the camps, which he attributed to exercise. These results may have been interfered with, both by the accompanying scheme, both for food control in the administration of insulin, but the first studies that show improvements in metabolic control after physical training support their conclusions.

Engerbretson (1965) observed a lower urinary secretion of glucose, lower blood glucose levels and lower insulin dose in 5 diabetics, after 6 weeks of interval training. Ludvigsson (1980) provided a financial questionnaire to 143 children and adolescents with diabetes, and found a positive correlation between regular physical activity and metabolic control (proportion of daily tests without glucosuria). However, when Larsson, Persson, and Sterky (1964) subjected to six children with diabetes to an exercise program of one hour a week for 5 months, no changes in urinary glucose. What was missing in these studies, plus a sufficient number of subjects and an appropriate exercise regime was satisfactory means for measuring metabolic control over a long period of training time.

In 1980, Dahl-Jorgensen, Meen, Hanssen, and first used Aagenaes levels of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) to assess the effect of physical training in children with diabetes. Glycated hemoglobin is that portion of total hemoglobin that is attached to a molecule of glucose and HbA1 concentrations in the circulation is a reflection of blood glucose levels during the average life span of red blood cells. Therefore, expressed in percentages of total hemoglobin, HbA1 serves as a valuable marker of glycemic control during the 4 to 6 weeks before their determination. Consequently, HBAL levels have become useful tools to monitor patients.

Dahl-Jorgensen et al. (1980) studied the effects of an exercise program for 5 months on HBAL levels in 14 diabetic children aged between 9 and 15. Although during training HBAL levels decreased, the results were weakened by methodological problems. At the end of the VO2 max program. not increased, suggesting that exercise intensity was low. Blood samples were frozen, and determined the levels of HBAL, 5 months after the end of the study. In 7 of 8 control subjects, the HBAL also declined, and not evaluated in this group the level of regular physical activity.

Campaign, Gilliam, Spencer, Lampman, and Schork (1984) found a beneficial effect of regular exercise on metabolic control in nine diabetic children 5 to 11 years of age. In these children, HBAL levels and fasting blood glucose decreased significantly after a training program for 12 weeks. However, in a second training study with 14 adolescents with juvenile diabetes, no significant improvements in the control group (Campaign et al., 1985). HBAL average levels remained unchanged in 12% (normal 7.1 ± 0.11%), after a 3-month program of aerobic exercise three times a week.

Prevention education

Prevention education

As usual, the “To be born healthy,” has continued to spread through courses and conferences, all members of the group ECEMC in different provinces across the country. In these activities, along with mailings, have distributed more than 27,000 copies of brochures, including the three leaflets of the Foundation 1000, on preventive measures, the SITE and folic acid. In addition, the Community of Castilla y León has reissued the brochure on the 20 questions for prevention, and is spreading throughout the Community. Even been translated into 6 languages, so you can reach the immigrant population. Also, has given us translations, and the Royal Board on Disability within the Foundation Programme 1000 “To be born healthy,” with whom he collaborated, make a great shot to spread throughout the country.

SPORTS TRAINING AND CONTROL OF DIABETES

SPORTS TRAINING AND CONTROL OF DIABETES

The finding that acute exercise could lower blood glucose in diabetic subjects led to the hope that regular physical activity, or training, may help normalize blood sugar and reduce insulin requirements on a chronic basis. One would expect, on the other hand, this fact would reduce the complications of diabetes, the long term. Table 2 summarizes the results of studies examining this possibility, and these are discussed in subsequent sections.

METABOLIC EFFECTS OF ACUTE EXERCISE

METABOLIC EFFECTS OF ACUTE EXERCISE

The child with diabetes is a particular difficulty in regulating blood glucose during exercise, better understood in relation to the normal metabolic responses to physical activity in individuals without diabetes (Kemmer & Berger, 1983; Larsson, 1984; Vranic & Berger, 1979). During acute exercise series, the energy demands for more muscular contraction are met through increased oxygen delivery (increase in ventilation and cardiac output), and largest source of fuel (glucose, fatty acids). When you start the exercise, glucose derived from glycogen stored within muscle cells serves as the main source of energy. With increasing exercise intensity, this source is empty, and muscles and blood glucose seek circulating fatty acids.

With high stress loads, the energy requirements reach 10 to 20 sometimes needs rest, and this high rate of consumption of glucose in the blood quickly cause hypoglycaemia, if not for the constant replenishment of glucose by the liver. This is critical, since the maintenance of normal blood glucose levels is essential during exercise, both for normal brain function in maintaining the level of muscle energy substrates. The liver serves as a donor of glucose necessary during prolonged exercise, with its output quite similar to its use through the breakdown of liver glycogen (glycogenolysis) and the conversion of glucose formation from protein (gluconeogenesis) . A failure in hepatic glucose production during exercise, lead hipoglucermia and exhaustion.

This sequence of events is mediated a complex hormonal interplay involving decreased insulin and increased contraregulatorias hormones (catecholamines, cortisol, and glucagon). The drop in insulin levels with acute exercise increases the release of fatty acids from peripheral depots, and stimulates hepatic glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. Despite these low levels of insulin, it is clear a high consumption of glucose by muscle, a phenomenon perhaps explained by the increased sensitivity of muscle cells to insulin during exercise.

These metabolic events are not as well orchestrated by the diabetic patient. In these individuals, insulin levels are not determined by physiological responses to exercise, but for the moment and the amount of injected daily. Consequently, diabetic subjects experience no period of stable blood glucose levels, their levels vary according to the plasma insulin concentration, duration and intensity of exercise, site of injection, diet, and other factors.

Extreme during pregnancy

Extreme during pregnancy to observe the general rules of personal hygiene, food and the surrounding environment. Consider using appropriate clothing, avoiding those that compression, prevent or impede circulation and normal fetal movements.

Pregnant women should avoid handling or toxic substances. Must also take care not to be close to deposits or stores such products or substances without proper security measures.

Avoid the pregnancy activities requiring considerable physical effort, which require to remain in harmful environments, or involve exposure to other hazards or risks. The exposure of pregnant women at high temperatures increase the probability of occurrence of certain central nervous system defects of the baby.

It is especially important that pregnant women take precautions in handling animals, as they can be transmitters of

Physical Activity and Diabetes

Physical Activity and Diabetes

It has been over half a century since insulin became available for the treatment of diabetes mellitus, and yet this disease remains a serious health problem. Significant morbidity and early mortality will happen to the majority of 5 to 10 million people with diabetes in the United States. Diabetes is considered the sixth leading cause of death in this country, which is almost certainly an underestimate, since many deaths related to cardiovascular system in these patients are categorized as no deaths due to diabetes, but with other covers (eg., congestive heart failure or attack.) Although type I diabetes (juvenile-onset or) represents the minority of cases, this chapter refers exclusively to this group as it covers virtually all young people with diabetes.
Keywords: insulin, training, health, diabetes, Type I.

TYPE I DIABETES

Type I diabetes is characterized by inadequate pancreatic insulin secretion, and the consequent need for replacement of the hormone daily via subcutaneous injections. In the absence of insulin, glucose transport into cells is impaired, causing a progressive hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis. Individuals with type II diabetes (or adult-onset) are usually older than 45 years and normally suffer from insulin resistance, rather than a quantitative failure. Typically, oral medications and weight loss are able to control hyperglycemia in type II diabetes without insulin application.

The main objective in the daily treatment of patients with type I diabetes is to maintain a state of euglycemia – preventing hyper-and hypoglycemia – balancing the influences of diet, exercise and insulin on blood glucose levels. But ultimately, morbidity and mortality of this disease are related to vascular and neurological complications usually manifest as clinical in young adulthood, and include (Figure 1):

A generalized thickening of basement membranes of capillaries (microangiopathy) that affects various organs, with greater prominence of the eye (diabetic retinopathy) and kidneys (diabetic nephropathy).
An accelerated atherosclerotic vascular disease (macroangiopathy), presented as early disease of the coronary arteries and heart attack.
Peripheral neuropathy affects sensory function, motor, and autonomous.